HESI Registered Nurse EXIT Practice Exam

In assessing a child for clinical manifestations of iron deficiency anemia, which factor indicates a cause for the observed findings?

1. Decreased cardiac output

2. Tissue hypoxia

3. Cerebral edema

4. Reduced oxygen saturation

The correct answer is: Tissue hypoxia

The option that indicates a cause for the observed findings in a child with iron deficiency anemia is tissue hypoxia. In iron deficiency anemia, the body lacks sufficient iron to produce hemoglobin, which is essential for red blood cells to carry oxygen. This deficiency leads to reduced oxygen transport capacity, resulting in tissue hypoxia, where body tissues do not receive adequate oxygen. This condition can manifest as fatigue, pallor, weakness, and other symptoms that are characteristic of anemia. The connection here is crucial: the underlying issue in iron deficiency anemia is the inability to deliver enough oxygen to the body’s tissues. As anemia progresses, the resulting hypoxia can lead to further complications and symptoms as the body's metabolic needs are not met. Other factors mentioned can relate to the overall effects of anemia but do not directly indicate a cause for the clinical manifestations observed. Decreased cardiac output is a consequence of severe anemia but not a direct cause of the symptoms. Cerebral edema could occur in cases of severe anemia but is not a common clinical manifestation and is not a direct cause of the findings of iron deficiency anemia. Reduced oxygen saturation is an effect stemming from the anemia rather than a cause; it indicates the degree to which the blood is carrying oxygen but does not pinpoint the reason behind